Dr. Lam Author of
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THERAPEUTIC
USAGE
 Many
people have been using pantethine as a supplement to treat cardiovascular
disease, autoimmune disorders, colitis and Crohn's disease and rheumatoid
arthritis. Sometimes, it is also used as an
"anti-stress" nutrient.
Pantethine is also well known for its effectiveness in reducing
total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride level, while at the
same time raising the good HDL cholesterol.
Pantothenic acid, on the other hand is
ideal for enhancing adrenal functions and reducing reliance on steroids.
It also reduces elevated uric acid levels frequently associated with gout
and reduces inflammatory response. Sometimes, it can be used
as substitute for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
LIPID
PROFILE DYSFUNCTION
About 40 percent of Americans suffer from abnormal lipid dysfunction. As
such, the recent focus has been on the use of pantethine as a therapeutic
agent in the treatment of this illness. Taking pantethine orally is
effective for reducing and normalizing a variety of risk factors in patients
with hypercholesterolemia, arteriosclerosis and diabetes.
In the past, taking niacin or Vitamin B3 would give the same effect. However,
today we know that niacin can lead to inflammations in the liver and
possibly raise blood sugar levels in diabetic patients. Furthermore,
high doses of niacin required for therapeutic effect often lead to an intolerable
flush. But, so far, pantothenic acid and pantethine do not have any of such
negative side effects.
While the exact mechanism of pantethine in normalizing parameters associated
with dyslipidemia is not clear, clinical studies have proven that when
pantethine is added to cultured cells, it causes an 80% inhibition in cholesterol
synthesis, most likely inhibiting the activity of HMG-CoA reductase.
Pantethine can also boost the production of enzymes that helps to break
down blood fats. It helps to enhance Vitamin E's action and prevents
cholesterol from building up in the blood. Pantethine also increases
the amount of omega-3 fatty acids, which in turn stabilizes the cellular
membrane. Furthermore, it also enhances the production of Coenzyme Q10,
leading to stronger cardiac contraction force and increasing the efficiency
of energy generation.
Over the years, numerous studies have validated the use of pantethine in
management of abnormal lipid profile.
In
a study, 30 patients with dyslipidemia were examined. They were all given
900 mg of pantethine daily. Six patients in the subgroup of type IIa dyslipidemia
reported a decrease in total cholesterol level by 26%, triglycerides by
28%, "bad" LDL-cholesterol by 38%, very low-density lipoprotein
(VLDL) cholesterol by 28%, and Apo-B by 16%. At the same time, their "good"
HDL-cholesterol was increased by 34%. Another nine patients with type IIb
dyslipidemia experienced a decrease of 25% for total cholesterol, 49% for
triglycerides, 33% for LDL-cholesterol, 44% for VLDL-cholesterol, and 11%
for Apo-B. At the same time, there was a significant increase in their HDL-cholesterol
by 43%. Another 15 individuals with type IV dyslipidemia reported that their
total cholesterol decreased by 13%, triglycerides by 68%, VLDL-cholesterol
by 53%, and Apo-B by 18%. At the same time, their HDL cholesterol was increased
by 25%.
In another study,
a double-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted on 29 patients with
high cholesterol and triglycerides for a period of 8 weeks. They were given
pentethine at 300 mg 3 times daily. After eight weeks, the subjects reported
a 30% reduction in blood triglycerides, a 13.5% reduction in LDL ("bad")
cholesterol, and a 10% rise in HDL ("good") cholesterol.
Bertolini et al treated
seven children and 65 adults who suffered from hypercholesterolemia or other
diseases associated with hypertriglyceridemia (types IIa and IIb of Fredrickson's
classification). Pentethine at 900 mg for children and 1,200 mg for
adults were given daily for a period of 3 years. The children reported a
20% reduction of total cholesterol and a 27% decrease in LDL-cholesterol.
The adults with type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia reported a 25% decrease in
total cholesterol, a 39% decrease in LDL-cholesterol, a 34% decrease in
Apo-B, and a slight increase in HDL-cholesterol. In the adult patients with
type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia, total cholesterol was reduced by 19.8%, LDL-cholesterol
by 37%, triglycerides by 31%, and Apo-B by 6%. In this subgroup, a 23% increase
of HDL-cholesterol and a 15% increase in apolipoprotein A-I were also observed.
Donati
et al also tested the effectiveness and tolerability of pantethine in 31
patients with dyslipidemia undergoing chronic hemodialysis. These patients
were given 600 to 1,200 mg of pantethine daily for a period of 9 months.
The results revealed a significant improvement in total blood cholesterol
for patients with basal hypercholesterolemia, and a highly significant reduction
of serum triglycerides for the entire group. However, their HDL-cholesterol
or total Apo-A did not increase.
In another
separate study, 600 mg/day of pantethine was given to 37 hypercholesterolemic
and/or hypertriglyceridemic patients for a three-month period. Out of all
37 patients, 21 of them were diabetic. After pantethine was given to these
patients, their total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein
(LDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) was decreased. At the same
time, there was an increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol
and apolipoprotein A (Apo-A) in all the groups. When pantethine was
not given to these patients, a reversal in the improvement of these parameters
was observed.
Later on, a one-year follow up trial was again conducted in 24 patients
with established dyslipidemia of Fredrickson's types IIa, IIb, and IV, alone
or associated with diabetes mellitus. Blood lipid assays revealed consistent
reductions in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and Apo-B, along with
an increase of HDL-cholesterol and Apo-A in individuals with types IIa and
IIb dyslipidemia. The results were equally favorable in patients with uncomplicated
dyslipidemia and in those with associated diabetes mellitus. A marked reduction
in triglycerides was also observed in the patients with Fredrickson's type
IV dyslipidemia.
In another experiment conducted
by Binaghi et al, he used 24 hypercholesterolemic perimenopausal women as
his subjects. The women were supplemented with 900 mg/day of pantethine.
After 16 weeks, they reported an efficacy rate of about 80% with significant
reductions in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and LDL/HDL ratios.
Many other studies have proven the effectiveness of using pantethine to
improve cholesterol and triglyceride levels in people with diabetes. The
results were all encouraging. In one study, oral administration of pantethine
given to 31 diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia led to a decrease in their
cholesterol level from a mean value of 236 mg/dl to 217 mg/dl (10% reduction).
Their HDL-cholesterol level was also increased from a mean value of 40 mg/dl
to 43 mg/dl (5% increase).
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